Calcium, is a supple gray alkaline earth metal, which is the fifth most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. Calcium is also at the fifth most profuse dissolved ion in seawater by both molarities and mass. Calcium is a significant nutrient that we require in our bodies. It has many imperative functions. It helps getting strong teeth and bones and is involved in muscle contractions and blood clotting, The calcium is mainly stored in our teeth and bones. Low calcium level may lead to the bone fractures and in some cases porous bones or osteoporosis, generally in old age. The intake of calcium can drop down the high blood pressure, maintain your heart functions, avert gum disease, prevent colon and rectum cancer, and help blood to clot.

Citric Acid is found in several citrus fruits, including pineapples, limes, gooseberries, plums, peaches, lemons, grapefruit, and oranges. It assists in preventing urinary tract infections. It is also applied as a natural preservative in lieu of chemicals. It helps energy production within the cells. It is a good natural astringent and regulates pH in digestive tract. Citric acid boosts efficient digestive function and helps remove toxins from body. It provides prevention against diarrhea, dysentery, and other bowel diseases. Citric acid assists in breakdown of fatty foods and increasing appetite. It helps eliminate fatigue. Citric acid in a little modified form, potassium citrate, can halt human heartbeat for greater facility during surgery and also is used to leach damaging metals from soil in landfills.

Fructose (also called levulose) is a carbohydrate classified as a monosaccharide. Technically it is a ketohexose. This term tells us a lot about its structure. It contains six carbon atoms forming its carbon backbone (a characteristic of carbohydrates) and the second carbon atom is doubly bonded to an oxygen atom. It is a naturally occurring ketose sugar present in the free monosaccharide form or as a component of the disaccharide sucrose in combination with glucose. It is found in fruits, honey, melons, berries, etc. Its advantageous effects are quite few, like having a low glycemic index. Its consumption is not advised because excess of it is converted to fats and it also hinders the release of appetite inhibiting substances at the right time.

Lecithin is needed by every cell in the body and is a key building block of cell membranes; without it, they would harden. Lecithin protects cells from oxidation and largely comprises the protective sheaths surrounding the brain. It is composed mostly of B vitamins, phosphoric acid, choline, linoleic acid and inositol. Although it is a fatty substance, it is also a fat emulsifier.

Magnesium is another mineral which is deemed essential for all biological life. As an essential part of basic nucleic acid, magnesium ions, together with phosphate ions, are also required for over 300 catalytic reactions of enzymes. Any enzymes synthesizing or utilizing adenosine triphosphate require a magnesium ion. Incredulously enough, magnesium deficiency is the most widespread deficiency, affecting a third of the population in the United States only, with third world countries surpassing the count easily. Being also essential, together with calcium and phosphorus, in the skeletal structure, magnesium deficiency is viewed as a main factor in ailments such as osteoporosis. Naturally available through cereals, green leafy vegetables, nuts, spices, tea, cocoa and coffee, magnesium is available as a supplement in magnesium oxide and magnesium citrate form, whereby the latter is viewed as more bioavailable.

Trehalose is also known as mycose or tremalose. It consists of glucose molecules bonded to glycosidic. It is closely linked to sugar and is present in insects, fungi, plants and bacteria. It is commonly used in confectioneries, fruit jams, rice, and noodles as texturizer, humectant, and stabilizer. It gives better energy supply for a longer period of time. It is beneficial to diabetic patients because it helps in maintaining blood sugar level. It may also prevent Alzheimer’s disease from progressing. It improves memory retention. Trehalose, as a sugar alternative, is good for the teeth because it does not cause cavities like table sugar does.

Vitamin C, also known as Ascorbic (a-SKOR-bik) acid, is needed for many functions in the body, including helping the body use carbohydrates, protein, and fats. Vitamin C is found in most citrus fruits and green vegetables and is a strong antioxidant.

Vitamin E consists of eight related vitamins that are all fat soluble and have antioxidant properties. The alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols with the corresponding tocotrienols all belong to the Vitamin E group, whereby the alpha-tocopherol has been found to be the most bioavailable form. Vitamin E is commonly found in food sources like eggs, milk, nuts, seeds, vegetable oil like olive oil, wholegrain foods, wheat germ, red palm oil, but also in asparagus and avocado fruits. While Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant, several other properties have been noted as well, such as prevention of damage to neurons, cholesterol reduction and cancer prevention. Vitamin E has been also identified as a vital signaling molecule, whereby the primary necessity of Vitamin E to human survival is still not clear.

Whey Protein Concentrate is one of the three commonly produced forms of Whey protein. It is the form of whey protein containing low level of fat and cholesterol but having high level of bioactive compounds and carbohydrates in the form of lactose. Whey protien concentrate is 29%-89% protein by weight depending on the use for which it is produced. Some studies suggest that use of whey protein concentrate as a supplement can reduce the risk of cancer and can increase cellular glutathione levels. However, this type of whey protien cannot be taken by people who are lactose intolerent.