Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid which one of the most abundantly, naturally occurring amino acids in the human body. It is also unique in that it is one the few amino acids which can directly cross the blood-brain barrier. Glutamine is found in the blood and skeletal muscles. Glutamine is also abundantly present in a large variety of foods including chicken, beef, eggs, dairy, whet, cabbage, beets, spinach, parsley etc and hence it’s very rare to have a glutamine deficiency. Supplements however may need to be taken in case of illness or injury. Glutamine has a major role in protein synthesis. It is also essential for regulating the acid-base balance in the kidney through the production of ammonium. Glutamine is a substrate for DNA synthesis and aids in immune function by acting as a precursor for rapidly dividing immune cells.

Grape seed is the seeds of the ordinary grapes. They are used primarily because they have polyphenols recognized as anti oxidants. Research confirms numerous health benefits of grape seed extracts; they limit lipid oxidation, thus controlling high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. Grape seeds contain phenolics, which are useful in treatment of heart disease because they inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce inflammation, however, the results are preliminary and more research is being done to confirm these facts. A polyphenol contained in grape seeds is resveratrol which may inhibit cancer cell growth and proliferation, and it may also be active against HIV by inhibiting expression and replication of the genome of the virus.

Hyaluronic Acid or hyaluronate is an anionic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed widely throughout connective, neural and epithelial tissues. It is also produced synthetically for its medicinal uses. Hyaluronic acid is used in eye surgery and to treat osteoarthritis of the knee; its injections into the knee joint are believed to increase the viscosity of the joint fluid, thereby lubricating the joint, cushioning the joint, and producing an analgesic effect. It is also used in lotions for treatment of dry skin. Hyaluronic acid has been used in the synthesis of biological scaffolds for wound healing applications. It is also used in anti adhesive products to prevent postoperative adhesions in pelvic and abdominal surgery.

Hydrolyzed Collagen is made up of proteins extracted from the skin, bones, tendons, and blood vessels of bovine, porcine and fish. It contains amino acids such as glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline. It is mainly made up of gelatine that helps maintain the health and flexibility of joints, ligaments, tendon and the skin. It prevents wrinkles, joint pains, and muscle loss. It helps relieve the symptoms of arthritis by keeping the joints lubricated. Hydrolyzed Collagen is also known to induce the production of human growth hormone (HGH) that helps the body burn fats for energy. This results in weight loss and development of firm muscles.

L-Glycine- Glycine is an organic compound and one of the 20 amino acids deemed as building blocks for proteins. This proteinogenic amino acid is not only the smallest but also the only amino acid of the group that is not chiral, which means there is no enantiomer of glycine. With the prominent exception of collagen, which thirty five percent are glycine, most proteins contain only small amounts of it. As a solid, glycine is sweet tasting, crystalline and has no color. Despite being non-essential, because it can be biosynthesized from the amino acid serine, glycine has several important physiological functions, besides being a precursor to proteins. It is a biosynthetic intermediate of purines and the D-Aminolevulinic acid and it is an inhibitory neurotransmitter found in the central nervous system.

L-Lysine- Lysine is an essential alpha amino acid that needs to be ingested and cannot be synthesized by the human body. Sources of L-Lysine include meat, particularly red meat, lamb, poultry and pork, but also cheeses, like parmesan, some fish like cod and sardines and eggs. Several plants are rich in L-Lysine, soybean, lentil, spinach and buckwheat, but also buffalo gourd, watercress, locust bean and many other bean variants, including the common bean. L-Lysine is deemed vital for the overall production of protein, as a structural building block. It seems that L-Lysine also plays a prominent part in the absorption of calcium. Further properties include playing a role in the production of enzymes, hormones and antibodies, but also in the recovery from sports injuries and surgeries.

Potassium is an electrolyte, a substance that maintains the fluid levels in the body. It is helpful in regulating blood pressure and heart function. Intake of potassium can benefit people suffering from hypertension. Research has found that a potassium supplement intake decreased incidence of stroke by 60 percent. It neutralizes acids and restores alkaline salts to bloodstream.  It acts along with sodium cells to maintain or restore membrane potentials. Potassium is also vital for nerve functioning and cardiovascular, and regulates nutrients’ transfer into cells and adds to muscle energy. It also helps recuperative powers, besides regulating water balance. Potassium is beneficial for eliminating wastes. It is helpful in controlling headaches and convulsions, and quickens healing of cuts, bruises and other injuries.

Sodium is the element that has the atomic number 11 in the periodic table and is commonly known as the main component in the table salt, together with chloride. Interestingly enough, it is probably the one dietary component which does require limitation rather than supplementation, since that average daily nutritional requirement is around half a gram per day. This most popular food seasoning, salt, is providing the most common source of sodium and chloride in human diets, but is generally overused and may cause health problems, such as high blood pressure, if consumed overly generously. The suggested dose of table salt, or rather the upper limit portion, would be somewhat less than 6 gram per day, according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, referenced by FDA. In the UK this limit is set at four grams per day.

Vitamin C is L-ascorbic acid, or the active component of Vitamin C. Ascorbate, which is an ion of the ascorbic acid, is required for many metabolic reactions and is manufactured internally by most organisms, except humans. It is an essential nutrient and needs to be provided through nutrition. While oranges were traditionally deemed a good source of Vitamin C, the amount provided by an orange is dwarfed by the amount provided by the kakadu plum the richest Vitamin C plant resource of the world. Other notable sources are red peppers, parsley, Kiwifruit, Guava, Broccoli, Camu Camu, rose hip, Jujube, papaya, strawberries, lemon, melon and similar. Vitamin C is essential for tyrosine, carnitine and collagen synthesis, is the most widely available antioxidant and furthermore is vital for blood vessels, cartilage and scar tissue.