5-HTP is an amino acid which occurs naturally. It is sold in many countries including the United States not only as a diet supplement but also as an appetite suppressant, antidepressant and to abet sleep. 5 –HPT affects the serotonin synthesis present in the central nervous system and causes psychoactiveness. 5 – HPT is believed to increase the production of neurons in the serotonin; this in turn increases serotonin release and causes mood imrpovement. When administered along with decarboxylase inhibitor like carbidopa it increases the level of plasma. Nevertheless, several studies have come up with contradictory reports. While some has come up with theories about its effectiveness even in the absence of decarboxylase inhibitor, others indicate that 5 – HPT when combined with carbidopa could cause conditions similar to scleroderma.

D-Ribose is pentose sugar found in ribonucleic acid. It is used to relieve anxiety and stress. It also has anti-depressing properties. D-ribose is present naturally in all living cells. Though it is not an essential nutrient, as the body can make it naturally, but it is very essential for life. D-Ribose is basically a solid, sweet, water-soluble matter, and is sometimes called just ribose. D-ribose is ingested in the food we eat. Nutritional foods like brewer’s yeast that are high in RNA content are excellent sources of D-Ribose. D-Ribose supplements increase the rate of generation of ATP, increasing exercise performance and enhancing muscle growth.

Fo-Ti is most commonly known as Chinese knotweed, with the Latin name Polygonum multiflorum. It is a Chinese herb, more accurately it is a climbing and crawling vine plant, which is able to cover quickly and rapidly everything in its path. Blooming in fall, this herb has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for ages, most prominently to rejuvenate the body. It is closely related to Japanese knotweed, which provides the antioxidant resveratrol. Chinese knotweed contains similar stilbene glycosides, which are deemed superior to the Japanese counterpart. Further properties ascribed to P. multiflorum include tonifying the kidneys, strengthening of the skeletal system, treating premature gray hair, ultraviolet protection of the skin and some laxative attributes when taken orally. Other traits seem to include normalization of estrogen profiles in women, boosting of the immune system and red blood cell formation promotion.

GABA or gamma-aminobutyric acid is an amino acid classified as a neurotransmitter that is abundant in the brain. It balances the chemicals in the brain. It is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that keeps the balance between excitement and inhibition –that reduces anxiety, tension, stress and depression. It also helps induce relaxation and sleep. GABA also help stimulates the anterior pituitary that stimulates the production of human growth hormones. Growth Hormones give an anabolic effect which promotes the formation and building of muscles. It also has lipotropic effect that helps in weight management and prevents fat formation. GABA also has antioxidant property that slows down the aging.

Guarana is a climbing plant of the Sapindaceae family native to the Amazon basin. Guarana is best known for its fruit and seeds. Guarana extracts contain naturally high amounts of caffeine which the plant uses in defense against pathogens. Its extracts are a natural and abundant source of caffeine in most parts of the world. It is added to soft drinks, herbal tea, energy shots and used in capsules. The extracts have a positive effect on cognition and they also increase memory retention and physical endurance. A 2007 study on human pilots showed its positive effects on memory, alertness and mood. It is also reported to have antioxidant and antibacterial effects.

Horny Goat Weed is also known as yin yang huo, yang tonic, or epimedium is an herb that is traditionally used for its ability to treat erectile dysfunction in men, increasing libido, and improve the reproductive health. It also boosts the production of testosterone that helps the body burn fats and aids in the development of muscles. It is also used as a tonic that improves the overall health and relieves fatigue. It alleviates the symptoms of menopause and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Horny goat weed is also effective in increasing energy, exercise recovery and endurance. It also regulates blood pressure level and aids in the treatment of various heart diseases. It also helps in the treatment of bronchitis, hepatitis, liver and kidney problems.

L-Arginine HCL is a non-essential fatty acid that is a precursor of nitric oxide. It has potent antioxidant properties. It aids in maintaining a healthy supple skin, prevents premature aging, and reduces the risks of acquiring illness caused by free radicals such as cancer and heart diseases. It helps diminish the accumulation of ammonia and lactate in muscles, thus, increasing the endurance and improves the formation of lean muscles. L-Arginine HCL also helps improve fertility in men and increase libido. It also stimulates the release of human growth hormones that promotes anabolic metabolism that results in increased growth and development of muscles. L-Arginine HCL also speeds up the healing of wounds.

L-Ornithine is produced when the enzyme arginase reacts on L-arginine, whereby urea is being created. Consequentially, ornithine seems to be a vital part of the urea cycle, the disposal of ammonia and the removal of excess nitrogen. Although ornithine is not coded for by the DNA, which means that it is not a part of the protein synthesis processes. Despite this fact, the urea cycle plays a big part in arginine biosynthesis, which means that as an intermediate in a metabolic process, ornithine still retains vital importance. L-Ornithine is gaining on popularity as a nutritional supplement, in particular with the body building circles, where it is propagated as a muscle building and fat loss agent. It is furthermore stated that L-Ornithine may be initiating the release of growth hormones in the body.

L-Threonine- 2-amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid, or L-Threonine, an enantiomer of Threonine, which is an essential amino acid, needs to be ingested by way of diet, predominantly through Threonine containing proteins. There are two ways how Threonine can be metabolized, namely conversion into pyruvate by utilizing Threonine dehydrogenase, whereby an intermediate can thiolyze with CoA, producing acetyl-CoA and glycine; and the second possibility, where Threonine is changed into alpha-ketobutyrate, utilizing serine dehydratase, towards becoming succinyl-CoA. Succinyl CoA is a CAC intermediate, which means that it is a part of the citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle is a vital part of the metabolic pathway which is securing the conversion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats towards usable energy. Foods containing Threonine are meat, poultry and fish and related products, cottage cheese, sesame seeds and lentils.

L-Tyrosine is a non essential amino acid occurring in the body. L-Tyrosine may be created from the synthesis of phenylalanine which is also an amino acid. It is one of the building blocks of proteins in the body. It is also a precursor for several neurotransmitters such as L-dopa, dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. It helps treat and prevent illness such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, depression and other such mood disorders. It also helps protect the body from free radical damages. It also helps protect the skin from UV rays damages on the skin by aiding in the production of melanin. It also helps in increasing the metabolic rate that speeds up muscle building and fat loss. It also increases the endurance.

Mucuna Pruriens, also called Velvet Bean, is a peptide that may promote HGH release as it contains 7-10% L-dopa. Serotonin has also been found in the leaves and fruit of the Velvet Bean plant. Increases in HGH levels may stimulate muscle growth and fat burning capabilities.

Niacin is a vitamin that wards against pellagra, a disease characterized by a vitamin B3 deficiency. Niacin is made from pyridine and is often called vitamin B3 or nicotinamide, because they all three have similar formulas. Niacin and nicotinamide are comparable in make up, but only niacin works to lower cholesterol levels. The restoration of DNA is also known to be a positive side effect of taking niacin. A fairly large number of individuals, particularly those in third world countries or those suffering from alcoholism, have been shown to be lacking in niacin. Niacin is often taken as a supplement by those with high cholesterol levels, as it has been proven to lower “bad” cholesterol and raise “good” cholesterol.